12. Is This Truth? A Theological Evaluation

In Chapter 10 a brief biblical evaluation of the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment was given. It was found to be without biblical support. This chapter will compare the teachings of this doctrine to Scripture. In other words, we will not be evaluating the (supposed) biblical basis for this doctrine as we did in Chapter 10, rather we will give a theological evaluation of some of the resulting teachings which spring from, and come packaged with, this doctrine.

Some early Adventists, including EGW, appear to have been very legalistic. In 1888 at the Minneapolis conference on righteousness by faith, two men, E. J. Waggoner and A. T. Jones, brought teachings which began to move the church away from some of its early legalism. Ellen White seems to have moved forward in her understanding of the gospel at this point. In her later publications there are some statements which express the truth of justification by faith in clear and accurate terms. For example, the following statement on justification by faith written in 1893 is a beautiful statement to which any evangelical could say a robust “Amen.”

The above understanding of the gospel, however, does not spring from the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment, but came as a result of the teachings of others, including Waggoner and Jones.2 With this short introduction, we will now look at the beliefs which came packaged with the doctrine of the cleansing of heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment. 

Sin laden blood pollutes the sanctuary

Ellen White states:

The Bible, however, states that it is not blood which defiles the sanctuary, but sin. Illustrations of this can be seen in the two following Bible quotations.

The Bible, contrary to the theology of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment, consistently teaches that blood cleanses rather than defiles.

We see, then, that the teaching that blood defiles—an integral part of the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment—is contrary to the clear teaching of Scripture.

Sins are not “blotted out” until the close of the investigative judgment

Adventists teach that when God forgives sin, the record of sin stays on the books of heaven in the sinner’s account and is not “blotted out” until one’s name comes up and passes the investigative judgment.

Ellen White wrote:

Scripture, however, states that sins are blotted out at the time of repentance and forgiveness.

In the above Scripture the terms “blot out,” “wash,” and “cleanse” are used together in Hebrew parallelism indicating that the same, basic idea is involved with all three terms. 

One of the key promises of the new covenant is that God will not remember our sins.

As was pointed out above, the terms “blot out,” “wash” and “cleanse” are used synonymously when referring to forgiveness.  It is clear from these Bible references that this takes place at the point of repentance and forgiveness.

Again, we see that the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment is contrary to clear Bible teaching.

Christ entered the Most Holy Place of the heavenly sanctuary for the first time in 1844.

This has been documented in previous chapters. EGW supported Crosier’s statement.

The New Testament teaches that Christ entered into the Most Holy Place upon the ascension.9 Again we see that the theology of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment is contradictory to the teaching of the Scripture.

Judged on the basis of personal works or deeds

This teaching, perhaps more than any other, undermines the new covenant gospel of grace. In Ellen White’s early descriptions of the investigative judgment, it is obvious that the gospel was misunderstood. EGW taught that one is accepted or rejected in the investigative judgment based upon his personal deeds, rather than through faith in Christ. Where she does mention faith in Christ, at least in the early years, it is usually in the context of faith that enables one to perfectly follow Christ’s example of obedience, rather than a trust in Christ’s substitutionary righteousness. Some of her early statements can only be seen as Galatianism10 or rank legalism.

We must be careful not to confuse the investigative judgment with the judgment of rewards which is taught in Scripture. The investigative judgment is a salvation judgment to see who is worthy of eternal life. In the new covenant, as we will see more fully in Chapter 15, salvation judgment is based upon faith in Christ and not upon works, not even works of righteousness. Therefore, we again see that the teachings of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment are directly opposed to Scripture.

Perfectionism

In the early teaching of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment there is a theology of perfectionism. The “gospel” according to EGW seems to be the “good news” that Christ came and lived a life of perfect obedience to the Ten Commandment law and in so doing gave mankind an example so that they could do the same. If one has enough faith in Christ, then he too, can live in perfect obedience to the Ten Commandment law. Not only can he, but if he is to live through “the time of trouble”14 and experience the second coming of Christ, he must reach perfection.

Some SDAs would argue that Ellen White did not teach perfectionism. Her statement penned in 1885 would support this.

However, EGW wrote this statement in 1898:

Note the facts from the previous citations:

  1. The fulfillment of God’s promises to us are conditional upon our “perfect obedience.”
  2. God’s people, still in their human state before the second coming of Christ, will have to live in “that fearful time” in the sight of a holy God without an intercessor.  It is obvious that these people will have to be in a state of sinless perfection.
  3. Ellen White states that there will be no change in character at the second coming of Christ.
  4. The second coming of Christ is tarrying until the character of Christ [which is sinless] is perfectly reproduced in His people.
  5. As Christ was perfect in His life, His followers are to be perfect in their lives.

These statements show that EGW did believe and teach perfection in the early years. This is the teaching which came bundled with the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment. As in most areas of theology, EGW often appears to contradict herself. One can find EGW statements which teach perfection and those which deny it. 

The new covenant gospel states unequivocally that we are saved by grace.22

The New Testament does not teach human perfection as a foundation for salvation. We see the Soteriology of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment running diametrically opposed to the new covenant gospel of grace—and that has major ramifications as we will see in later chapters.

The judgment in Daniel 7 and 8 and Revelation 14 has reference to the investigative judgment of God’s people.

As has been shown before, Daniel 8:14 is the key text for the investigative judgment.24 EGW also applies judgment mentioned in Daniel 7 to the investigative judgment. After quoting Daniel 7:9, 10, 13, and 14, she says:

We must realize, however, that the judgment in Daniel 7 and 8 and in Revelation 14 does not have God’s people in view, but it is the wicked who are the focus of the judgment.27

The explanation of the vision of Daniel 7 given in verses 23-26 clearly shows that this judgment deals with the evil fourth beast, a wicked power who speaks out against God and His people.

Likewise, the judgment in Revelation 14, which EGW applies to the investigative judgment of only God’s professed people, in context deals with the wicked power termed “Babylon.” As this topic is developed and explained, we read of Babylon making all nations drink of her immorality.28 Those who worship the beast are described as burning.29 Revelation 17 and 18 describe this judgment in these terms:

Notice the similarity of terms in Revelation 14 and Revelation 18 such as “hour,” “Babylon,” and “judgment.” 

These verses make clear that the coming judgment, mentioned in Daniel 7 and 8 and in Revelation 14, deals with God’s judgment against evil.EGW, however, states that this judgment deals only with the professed people of God.30

Again, we find this teaching concomitant to the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment to be contrary to the Bible.

An incomplete atonement

The incomplete atonement has been a thorn in SDA’s flesh for many years.

Most, if not all, SDA scholars now hold that the atonement was complete at the cross. This, however, does not remove EGW’s endorsement of the incomplete atonement, nor does it change the SDA statement of beliefs which hold the writings of EGW as “a continuing and authoritative source of truth.” Thus, the SDA dilemma of how to deal with this problem continues. The SDA unfinished atonement finds its foundation in the “vision” of Edson, which was written out by Crosier, which received EGW’s strong endorsement by a “vision” from God. However, it remains as part of the teaching connected with the doctrine of SDA cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment.  

Contrary to EGW, the Bible clearly states that the atonement was completed at the cross. 

Ellen White, in harmony with her teaching of an incomplete atonement at the cross, pictures Christ as now having a standing, pleading ministry before the Father. 

The book of Hebrews is the one New Testament book which gives a thorough, Christ centered, interpretation of the Old Testament sanctuary services.  It, in contrast to EGW, always pictures Christ seated having finished the atonement.

Chapter Summary

Chapter 10 showed that the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment is without biblical support. In Chapter 11 the many ways the SDA church has reacted to its doctrinal errors were enumerated. In this chapter we saw that the theological beliefs that spring from, or come packaged with, the investigative judgment, not only contradict Scripture at nearly every point, they are a gross perversion of the gospel.35 This is serious. The SDA church claims to be the true, remnant church, with the prophetic ministry of Ellen White as one of the identifying marks of its authenticity.36 To this day,37 in recent, official publications of the church, the writings of Ellen White are referred to as “an inspired commentary.” While we will deal more fully with this claim in the chapter entitled “Marks of a Cult,” it ought to cause Seventh-day Adventists to do some serious, objective thinking.

Teachings of the investigative judgment:

Sin laden blood pollutes

Sins blotted out after 1844

Emphasis on personal works

Must achieve personal perfection of character38

Judgment deals with God’s people

The atonement was not complete at the cross

Christ has a standing, pleading ministry

Teachings of Scripture:

Blood cleanses

Sins blotted out at repentance

Emphasis on faith in Christ

Must trust in Christ’s sinless perfection

Judgment deals with the wicked

The atonement was complete at the cross

Christ has a seated, victorious ministry

These facts speak for themselves. Our theological evaluation of the doctrine of the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment find it “weighed in the balances and found wanting.”


Endnotes

  1. Ellen G. Whie, Selected Messages, Book1, p. 389.
  2. I am not holding up the teachings of Waggoner and Jones as a benchmark of gospel clarity. Their understanding of the gospel was somewhat primitive. Nor is the statement of EGW cited above necessarily a true reflection of their teachings. Historically, however, Waggoner and Jones moved the church toward a clearer understanding of the gospel. Both Waggoner and Jones later left the SD church under the rebuke of EGW. See Paulson Collection of EGW letters, pp. 130-135, Spalding and Magan’s Unpublished Manuscript Testimonies of EGW p. 328f; Battle Creek Letters, p. 92f.
  3. Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol. 4, p. 266. See also, The Great Controversy, pp. 417-422, 425, 479-487; Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. 357-358. For a more complete discussion of this topic, see Nordon Winger, former SDA pastor, “Syllabus and Source Material for the Seminar on 1844, The Sanctuary; and the Investigative Judgment.” 
  4. See also Lev. 15:31.
  5. See also Lev. 12:7; 14:14, 17, 25, 28; Ford, Daniel 8:14, pp.76, 77.
  6. See also Lev. 14:52; 16:19.
  7. Ellen White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol. 4, p. 308.
  8. See Knight, Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism, p. 126. See also Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol 4, p. 266.
  9. See Heb. 6:19, 9:8. 12. 24; 10:19, 20 NIV and review Chapter 10, section on the “Heavenly Sanctuary” where this has already been discussed.
  10. Galatians is a mixture of faith and works. One trusts Christ for past sins but then must develop his own personal righteousness by adherence to law. This second phase is often called sanctification. The error is not in teaching that a Christian should obey the law of Christ, but that his obedience becomes the basis of his ultimate acceptance by God. This erroneous teaching holds that one is saved by grace and his own diligent effort, even if that effort is empowered by God. Thus, in Galatianism, there is a mixing of faith and works as the basis of salvation. 
  11. Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol.4, p. 311.
  12. Ellen G. White, Review and Herald, 1887-03-22.
  13. Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol 4, pp. 314, 315.
  14. Adventists believe that they will be present during the tribulation or as they call it, “the time of  Trouble.”
  15. Ellen G. White, Testimonies for the Church, Vol. 2, p. 122.
  16. Ellen Gen White, Spiritual Gifts, Vol. 1, p. 198.
  17. Ellen G. White, Review and Herald, 1892-06-21.
  18. Ellen G. White, Christ Object Lessons, p. 69. See also Counsels to Teachers. P. 324.
  19. Ellen G. White, manuscript 5, 1885, Selected Messages, Book 3, p. 354.
  20. “John does not once claim to be sinless. But his life was one of earnest effort to conform to the will of God. It was a living representation of Christian sanctification. He followed his Saviour closely, and had such a sense of the purity and exalted holiness of Christ, that his own character appeared in contrast, exceedingly defective. And when Jesus in his glorified body appeared to John, one glimps was enough to cause him to fall down as one dead. Such will ever be the feelings of those who know best their Lord and Master. The more closely they contemplate the life and character of Jesus, the less will they be disposed to claim holiness of heart, or to boast of their sanctification.” Ellen G. White,  Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, 03-01-81.
  21. Ellen G. White, The Desire of Ages, p. 311.
  22. As well as some of EGW’s later statements.
  23. See Ratzlaff, “The Testing Truth,” in Sabbath in Christ, for a more complete presentation of the new covenant gospel.
  24. See Ellen G. White, Spirit of Prophecy, Vol. 4, p. 258.
  25. Ibid., pp. 258, 307, 308.  
  26. Ellen G. White, The Great Controversy, p. 352.
  27. It is true that the people of God are benefited by the judgment upon the wicked: their enemies are destroyed.
  28. “And another angel, a second one, followed, saying, ‘Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, she who has made all the nations drink of the wine of the passion of her immorality.” (Rev. 14:8)
  29. “And the smoke of their torment goes up forever and ever; and they have no rest day and night, those who worship the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name.” (Rev. 14:11)
  30. “In the typical service only those who had come before God with confession and repentance, and whose sins, through the blood of the sin offering, were transferred to the sanctuary, had a part in the Day of Atonement. So in the great day of final atonement and investigative judgment the only cases considered are those of the professed people of God. The judgment of the wicked is a distinct and separate work and takes place at a later period.” Ellen G. White, The Great Controversy,  p. 480.
  31. Malcom Bull and Keith Lockhart, Seeking Sanctuary, Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row, 1989), p. 70.
  32. Ibid., p. 422. See also Early Writings, p. 253; Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. 357, 358; Spiritual Gifts, Vol. 1, p. 161; Knight, Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism, pp. 126, 152, 171.
  33. Ellen G. White, The Great Controversy, p. 433.
  34. Ellen G. White, Early Writings, p. 50. See also Spirit of Prophecy; Vol. 4 p. 273; Signs of the Times,1850-64-01; 1890-06-02; Review and Herald, 1870-04-19; 1911-06-29.
  35. Please note that I am not saying all Adventists today have a perverted gospel. Nor am I saying that everything EGW wrote demonstrated a perverted gospel. What I am saying is that the teaching presented in the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the investigative judgment perverts, or at best compromises the gospel.
  36. See Ratzlaff, Sabbath in Christ, “The Sabbath and Seventh-day Adventists,” where the author deals in  greater depth with the SDA claim to be the remnant church of Bible Prophecy.
  37. December 1995.
  38. I am not saying that all people in the SDA church believe in perfectionism now. However, the EGW statements in connection with the investigative judgment seem to support this view, and from my experience in the SDA church there were, and doubtless still are, some Historic Adventists who hold this view.

 

Dale Ratzlaff
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